Muscle Physiology - Richard L. Lieber, Ph.D.

Richard L. Lieber, Ph.D.

University of California, San Diego
3525 John Hopkins Court
San Diego, CA 92121

Phone: (858) 822-1344
Fax: (858) 822-3807
Email: rlieber@ucsd.edu

March 1983, Ph.D. (Biophysics, Electrical Engineering minor)
Department of Zoology
University of California, Davis

June 1978, B.S. Animal Physiology
University of California, Davis

Vice Chair, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, January 2007-present.
Director, National Center for Skeletal Muscle Rehabilitation Research, July 2005-present.
Senior Research Career Scientist, Veterans Affairs Medical Center (GS-14), San Diego, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, April 2005-present.
Professor, University of California, San Diego, Departments of Orthopaedics and Bioengineering, July 1994- present.
Associate Professor, University of California, San Diego, Departments of Orthopaedics and AMES/Bioengineering, July 1990- June 1994.
Member, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, 1992-present.
Member, UCSD Biomedical Sciences Graduate Group, 1990-present.
Research Career Scientist, Veterans Affairs Medical Center (GS-14), San Diego, Department of Orthopaedic Research, April 2000-March 2005.
Biomedical Engineer, GS-13/14, Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Diego, Department of Orthopaedic Research, April 1986-March 2000.
Assistant Professor of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, July 1985-June 1990.
Biomedical Engineer, GS-11, Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Diego, Department of Orthopaedic Research, June 1983-March 1986.
Postgraduate Research Physiologist, University of California, San Diego, Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, September 1982-June 1985.
Research Associate, University of California, Davis, July 1981-August 1982.
Teaching Assistant, Functional Vertebrate Morphology 106L, University of California, Davis, Spring 1981, (M. Hildebrand, Professor).
Teaching Assistant, Cell Biology 121L, University of California, Davis, Winter 1981, (R.J. Baskin, Professor).
Teaching Assistant, Cell Biology 121L, University of California, Davis, Winter 1980, (D. Deamer, Professor).

Vice-Chair, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 2007-present.
Director, National Skeletal Muscle Research Center, 2005-present.
Member, Program Committee and Organizing Committee, American Society of Biomechanics, June 2007.
Vice Chair/Chair-Elect, UCSD School of Medicine Faculty Council, 2007-2008.
Member, V.A. Research Budget Subcommittee, 2006-present.
Chair, V.A. Research and Development Committee, 2004-2005.
Chair, UCSD Biomedical Sciences Physiology Track, 2004-2005.
Founding Chair, UCSD-VA Interface Commission, 2003-present.
Chair, Local Arrangements Committee, Orthopaedic Research Society, March, 2004, San Francisco, CA. Scientific Advisory Council, Christopher Reeve Paralysis Foundation, 2002-present.
Chair, UCSD Faculty Rights and Welfare Committee, 2002-present.
Vice-Chair, V.A. Research and Development Committee, 2003-2004.
Chair, V.A. Animal Subjects Subcommittee, 2001-2003.
Member, V.A. Animal Subjects Subcommittee, 2000-2003.
Member, V.A. Research and Development Committee, 2002-2003.
Chair, UCSD Biomedical Sciences Physiology Core Course, 1995-1999.
Member, UCSD Orthopaedic Research Advisory Committee, 1999-present.
Member, Core Course Committee, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Group, 1995-present.
Member, UCSD Academic Senate Committee on Committees, 1995-1997.
Chair, UCSD Orthopaedic Research Advisory Committee, 1991-1999.
Chair, V.A. Research Equipment Subcommittee, 1993-2000.
Departmental Representative, UCSD Academic Senate, 1991-1994, 1997-present.
Member, Physiology Course Committee, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Group, 1992-present.
Member, Industrial Liason Committee (Institute for Biomedical Engineering), 1993-present.
Member, Recruitment and Admissions Committee, 1988-1992.
Member, Special Admissions Subcommittee, 1988-1992.
Member, UCSD Task Force on Technology Transfer, 1990-1991.

Giovanni Borelli Award, American Society of Biomechanics, August, 2007.
The Gothenburg University Medal, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, June 2007.
Fulbright Scholar (Sweden), 2007.
Nicolas Andry Award, American Bone and Joint Surgeons, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, May 2002.
Award of Excellence, International Federation of Societies for Surgery of the Hand, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, July 1998.
Excellence in Free Paper Presentation, International Federation of Societies for Surgery of the Hand, Helsinki, Finland, July 1995.
Fellow, American College of Sports Medicine, March, 1994.
Kappa Delta Award, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, February, 1994.
Basic Science Teaching Award (1st Annual), Department of Orthopaedics, University of California, San Diego, June 1993.
National Institute of Health Predoctoral Fellowship, 1978-1981
Talbot Award, Biophysical Society, February 1981, Denver, CO
Jastro-Shields Graduate Student Grant, 1980-1981
Sigma-Xi Grant-in-aid of Research, 1979-1980
Graduation with Honors, University of California, Davis, 1978
Life Member, California Scholarship Federation, 1974
California Governor's Scholar, 1974
The Harvard Book, 1973

American College of Sports Medicine (Fellow)
American Physiological Society
American Society of Biomechanics
Biophysical Society
Fullbright Association (Life Member)
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)
Orthopaedic Research Society
Rehabilitation Engineering Society of North America
Society for Neuroscience
Western Orthopaedic Association (honorary)

CURRENT SUPPORT:
“THE ROLE OF FHL1 IN EMERY-DREIFUSS AND REDUCING BODY MYOPATHIES”
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease.
Role: Co- Investigator (P.I. Ju Chen)
Award Duration: July 2011-June 2013.

“MICROSENSOR FOR INTRAMUSCULAR PRESSURE MEASUREMENT”
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease.
Role: Co- Investigator (P.I. Kenton Kaufman, Ph.D., Mayo Clinic).
Award Duration: July 2004-June 2009.

“ROLES OF NUCLEOCYTOSKELETAL LINK PROTEINS IN STRIATED MUSCLE”
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease.
Role: Co-Investigator (P.I. Ju Chen)
Award Duration: July 2010-June 2015.

“NATIONAL CENTER FOR SKELETAL MUSCLE REHABILITATION RESEARCH”
National Institute of Child Health and Development.
Role: Principal Investigator.
Award Duration: August 2010–May 2015.

“MUSCLE BIOLOGICAL AND BIOMECHANICAL RESPONSE IN CEREBRAL PALSY”
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease.
Role: Principal Investigator
Award Duration: July 2010-June 2015.

“MUSCLE STRUCTURE, TOXIN DOSE, AND EXERCISE AFFECT BOTULINUM TOXIN EFFICIENCY”
National Institute of Child Health and Development.
Role: Co-Investigator (S. Ward, Principal Investigator)
Award Duration: July 2009-June 2014.

“MECHANICAL BASIS FOR SURGICAL TRANSFER OF FOREARM MUSCLES”
Veterans Administration, Rehabilitation Engineering Research and Development.
Role: Principal Investigator.
Award Duration: July 2008-June 2011.

“SENIOR RESEARCH CAREER SCIENTIST”
Department of Veterans Affairs, Rehabilitation Research & Development.
Role: Principal Investigator.
Award Duration: April 2005-March 2012.

PREVIOUS SUPPORT:

“NATIONAL CENTER FOR SKELETAL MUSCLE REHABILITATION RESEARCH”
National Institute of Child Health and Development.
Role: Principal Investigator.
Award Duration: September 2005-August 2010.

“WORKSHOP ON MULTI-SCALE MUSCLE MECHANICS”
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease.
Role: Co- Investigator (P.I. Bruce Damon, Vanderbilt University)
Award Duration: July 2011-June 2016.

“DIRECT DETERMINATION OF LOWER EXTREMITY MUSCLE DESIGN”
National Institute of Child Health and Development.
Role: Principal Investigator.
Award Duration: July 2005-June 2010.

“MICROSENSOR FOR INTRAMUSCULAR PRESSURE MEASUREMENT”
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease.
Role: Co- Investigator (P.I. Kenton Kaufman, Ph.D., Mayo Clinic).
Award Duration: July 2004-June 2009.

“MUSCLE INJURY: MECHANISM, PREVENTION & TREATMENT”
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease.
Role: Principal Investigator.
Award Duration: July 2003 - June 2008.

“VASTUS LATERALIS MUSCLE ADAPTATION DURING LIMB LENGTHENING”
Orthopaedic Research and Education Foundation.
Role: Co-Investigator (P.I. Jennette L. Boakes)
Award Duration: July 2004-June 2006.

“STRUCTURE-FUNCTION RELATIONSHIPS IN MUSCLE CONTRACTURE”
United Cerebral Palsy Foundation.
Role: Principal Investigator.
Award Duration: July 2003 - June 2005.

“STRUCTURE-FUNCTION RELATIONSHIPS IN MUSCLE FROM PATIENTS WITH CEREBRAL PALSY”
United Cerebral Palsy Foundation.
Role: Principal Investigator.
Award Duration: July 2003-June 2005.

“MECHANICAL BASIS FOR SURGICAL TRANSFER OF FOREARM MUSCLES”
Veterans Administration, Rehabilitation Engineering Research and Development.
Role: Principal Investigator.
Award Duration: January 2002 - December 2004.

“REHABILITATION RESEARCH CAREER SCIENTIST AWARD”
Department of Veterans Affairs, Rehabilitation Engineering Research & Development
Award Duration: April 2000 - March 2005.

“INTRAOPERATIVE MEASUREMENT IN CEREBRAL PALSY SURGERY”
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease.
Role: Principal Investigator
Award Duration: April 1999 - March 2004.

“STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MYOSIN IN FROG SKELETAL MUSCLE”
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease.
Role: Co-Investigator
Award Duration: April 1999 - March 2002.

“MECHANICAL AND BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF SKELETAL MUSCLE STRENGTHENING”
Veterans Administration, Medical Research Service.
Role: Principal Investigator.
Award Duration: October 2002 - September 2007.

“CHARACTERIZATION OF MECHANICAL-BASED INJURY IN SKELETAL MUSCLE”
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease.
Role: Co-Investigator
Award Duration: December 1999 - November 2002.

“MECHANICAL BASIS FOR SURGICAL TRANSFER OF FOREARM MUSCLES”
Veterans Administration, Rehabilitation Engineering Research and Development (merit review).
Role: Principal Investigator.
Award Duration: October 1998 - December 2001.

“MICROSENSOR FOR INTRAMUSCULAR PRESSURE MEASUREMENT”
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease.
Role: Co- Investigator (P.I. Kenton Kaufman, Ph.D., Mayo Clinic)
Award Duration: July 1998 - June 2001.

“MUSCLE INJURY: MECHANISM, PREVENTION & TREATMENT”
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease.
Role: Principal Investigator.
Award Duration: April 1996 - March 2001.

“MECHANICAL BASIS FOR SURGICAL TRANSFER OF FOREARM MUSCLES”
Veterans Administration, Rehabilitation Engineering Research and Development (merit review).
Role: Principal Investigator.
Award Duration: October 1998 - December 2001.

“SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOUNDATIONS FOR HYBRID MYOSIN-BASED ACTUATORS”
Defense Advance Research Projects Agency (DARPA)
Award Duration: May 2000-April 2001.

“MUSCLE RESPONSE TO TENOTOMY AND TENDON REPAIR”
Orthopaedic Research and Education Foundation
Role: Co- Investigator.
Award Duration: July 1996 - June 1998.

“PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF STRENGTH FOLLOWING SURGICAL TENDON TRANSFER”
Veterans Administration, Rehabilitation Engineering Research and Development (merit review).
Role: Principal Investigator.
Award Duration: October 1995 - September 1998.

“STRUCTURAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN SKELETAL MUSCLE AFTER GROWTH HORMONE SECRETOGUE THERAPY
Merck Research Laboratories
Role: Principal Investigator.
Award Duration: September 1994 - August 1996
“MICROSENSOR FOR INTRAMUSCULAR PRESSURE MEASUREMENT”
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
Role: Coinvestigator (Principal Investigator: Kenton Kaufman)
Award Duration: April 1994 - March 1996.

“PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF STRENGTH FOLLOWING SURGICAL TENDON TRANSFER”
Veterans Administration, Rehabilitation Engineering Research and Development (merit review).
Role: Principal Investigator.
Award Duration: October 1993 - September 1995.

“TORQUE GENERATION FOLLOWING SURGICAL TENDON TRANSFER”
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease.
Role: Principal Investigator.
Award Duration: July 1991 - June 1995.

“MUSCLE INJURY: MECHANISM, PREVENTION & TREATMENT”
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease.
Role: Principal Investigator.
Award Duration: June 1989 - May 1995.

“ELECTRICAL STIMULATION IN MUSCLE REHABILITATION”
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease.
Role: Principal Investigator.
Award Duration: July 1986 - June 1991.

“MUSCLE FIBER RECRUITMENT AND STRENGTHENING WITH ELECTRICAL STIMULATION”
Veterans Administration, Rehabilitation Engineering Research and Development (merit review).
Role: Principal Investigator.
Award duration: October 1990 - September 1992.

“IN VIVO SARCOMERE DYNAMICS IN FISH DURING SWIMMING”
Academic Senate, University of California, San Diego.
Award duration: July 1990-June 1991.

“SKELETAL MUSCLE ADAPTATION TO ELECTRICAL STIMULATION”
Veterans Administration, Rehabilitation Engineering Research and Development (merit review).
Role: Principal Investigator.
Award duration: April 1986 - September 1989.

“DEVELOPMENT OF A CLOSED-LOOP STIMULATOR FOR STRENGTHENING HUMAN SKELETAL MUSCLE”
Preferred Medical Products, Torrance, CA.
Role: Principal Investigator.

“SKELETAL MUSCLE ADAPTATION TO ELECTRICAL STIMULATION”
Veterans Administration, Rehabilitation Engineering Research and
Development (seed grant).
Role: Principal Investigator.
Award duration: April 1985 - March 1986.

“THE USE OF NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS IN TREATING MUSCLE INJURY”
The Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, MI.
Role: Principal Investigator.
Award duration: January 1989 - December 1990.

“PARALYZED MUSCLE RESPONSE TO ELECTRICAL STIMULATION”
American Wheelchair Veterans, San Diego, CA.
Role: Principal Investigator.
Award duration: February 1988 - January 1989.

“SPINAL CORD DURAL LENGTH CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH PARALYSIS”
Paralyzed Veterans of America, San Diego, CA.
Role: Co-Investigator.
Award duration: February 1988 - January 1989.

“MUSCLE REHABILITATION BY STIMULATION”
Academic Senate, University of California, San Diego.
Award duration: September 1987 - June 1988.

“SPECIFIC TENSION OF ISOLATED SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS”
Academic Senate, University of California, San Diego.
Award duration: September 1986 - June 1987.

“SKELETAL MUSCLE RECOVERY AFTER IMMOBILIZATION WITH AND WITHOUT ELECTRICAL STIMULATION”
Mentor Corporation, Minneapolis, MN.
Role: Principal Investigator.
Award duration: July 1983 - December 1984.

“SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBER CHANGES FOLLOWING CONTINUOUS PASSIVE MOTION”
Sutter Biomedical Corporation, San Diego, CA.
Role: Principal Investigator.
Award duration: July 1984 - June 1985.

Lieber, R.L. and R.J. Baskin. (1983). Intersarcomere dynamics of single skeletal muscle fibers during fixed-end tetani. J. Gen. Physiol. 82:347-364
Lieber, R.L., R.J. Baskin and Y. Yeh. (1984). Sarcomere length determination using laser diffraction: effect of beam and fiber diameter. Biophys. J. 45:1007-1016
Lieber, R.L., C.B. Johansson, H.L. Vahlsing, A.R. Hargens, E.R. Feringa. (1986). Long-term effects of spinal cord transection on fast and slow rat skeletal muscle I. Contractile properties. Exp. Neurol. 91:423-434
Lieber, R.L. D.E. Smith, and A.R. Hargens. (1986). Real-time acquisition and data analysis of skeletal muscle contraction in a multi-user environment. Comp. Prog. Meth. Biomed. 22:259-265
Lieber, R.L., Fridén, J.O., Hargens, A.R., Danzig, L.A., and D.H. Gershuni. (1988). Differential response of the dog quadriceps muscle to external skeletal fixation of the knee. Muscle & Nerve 11:193-201
Lieber, R.L. and J.L. Boakes. (1988). Sarcomere length and joint kinematics during torque production in the frog hindlimb. Am. J. Physiol. 254:C759-C768
Lieber, R.L. and J. Fridén. (1988). Selective damage of fast glycolytic muscle fibers with eccentric contraction of the rabbit tibialis anterior. Acta Physiol. Scand. 133:587-588
Lieber, R.L. and F.T. Blevins. (1989). Skeletal muscle architecture of the rabbit hindlimb: Functional implications of muscle design. J. Morphol. 199:93-101
Lieber, R.L., T. McKee-Woodburn, J. Fridén, and D.H. Gershuni. (1989). Recovery of the dog quadriceps after ten weeks of immobilization followed by four weeks of remobilization. J. Orthop. Res. 7:408-412
Lieber, R.L., B.M. Fazeli, and M.J. Botte. (1990). Architecture of selected wrist flexor and extensor muscles. J. Hand Surg. 15:244-250
Mai, M.T. and R.L. Lieber. (1990). Model of semitendinosus muscle sarcomere length, knee and hip joint interaction in the frog hindlimb. J. Biomech. 23:271-279
Lieber, R.L., J.O. Fridén, and T.G. McKee-Woodburn. (1991). Muscle damage induced by eccentric contractions of twenty-five percent strain. J. Appl. Physiol. 70:2498-2507
Lieber, R.L., M.E. Leonard, C.G. Brown, and C.L. Trestik. (1991). Frog semitendinosis tendon load-strain and stress-strain properties during passive loading. Am. J. Physiol. 261:C86-C92
Lieber, R.L. and J. Kelly. (1991). Factors influencing quadriceps torque using transcutaneous electrical stimulation. Physical Therapy 71:715-721
Lieber, R.L., C.G. Brown, and C.L. Trestik. (1992). Model of muscle-tendon interaction during frog semitendinosis fixed-end contractions. J. Biomech. 25:421-428
Lieber, R.L. and C.G. Brown (1992). Quantitative method for comparison of skeletal muscle architectural properties. J. Biomech. 25:557-560
Lieber, R.L., M.D. Jacobson, B.M. Fazeli, R.A. Abrams and M.J. Botte. (1992). Architecture of selected muscles of the arm and forearm: anatomy and implications for tendon transfer J. Hand Surg. 17:787-798
Lieber, R.L. and S.D. Shoemaker. (1992). Muscle, joint, and tendon contributions to the torque profile of frog hip joint. Am. J. Physiol. 263:R586-R590
Lieber, R.L. and C.G. Brown. (1992).Sarcomere length-joint angle relationships of seven frog hindlimb muscles. Acta Anat. 145:289-295
Lieber, R.L. and J. Fridén. (1993). Muscle damage is not a function of muscle force but active muscle strain. J. Appl. Physiol. 74:520-526
Trestik, C.L. and R.L. Lieber. (1992). Relationship between achilles tendon mechanical properties and gastrocnemius muscle function. J. Biomech. Eng. 115:225-230
Lieber, R.L., S.C. Bodine, T.J. Burkholder, D.J. Pierotti, and A.F. Ryan. (1993). Cloning and in situ hybridization of type 2A and 2B rat skeletal muscle myosin tail region: implications for filament assembly. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 197:1312-1318
Lieber, R.L. G.J. Loren and J. Fridén. (1994). In vivo measurement of human wrist extensor muscle sarcomere length changes. J. Neurophysiol. 71:874-881.
Fridén, J. and R.L. Lieber. (1994). Physiological consequences of surgical lengthening of extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle-tendon junction for tennis elbow. J. Hand Surg. 19A:269-274.
Burkholder, T.J., B. Fingado, S. Baron and R.L. Lieber. (1994). Relationship between muscle fiber types and sizes and muscle architectural properties in the mouse hindlimb. J. Morphol. 221:177-190.
Poole, D.C., R.L. Lieber, and O. Mathieu-Costello. (1994). Myosin and actin filament lengths in diaphragms from emphysematous hamsters. J. Appl. Physiol. 76:1220-1225.
Lieber, R.L. M.C. Schmitz, D.K. Mishra, and J. Fridén. (1994). Contractile and cellular remodeling in rabbit skeletal muscle after cyclic eccentric contractions. J. Appl. Physiol. 77:1926-1934.
Loren, G.J. and R.L. Lieber. (1995). Tendon biomechanical properties enhance human wrist muscle specialization. J. Biomech. 28:791-799.
Mishra, D.K., Fridén, J., Schmitz, M.C. and Lieber, R.L. (1995). Antiinflammatory medication after muscle injury. A treatment resulting in short-term improvement but subsequent loss of muscle function. J. Bone Joint Surg. 77-A:1510-1519.
Burkholder, T.J. and R.L. Lieber. (1996). Stepwise regression is an alternative to splines for analysing noisy data. J. Biomech. 29:235-238.
Loren, G.J., S.D. Shoemaker, T.J. Burkholder, M.D. Jacobson, J. Fridén, and R. L. Lieber. (1996). Influences of human wrist motor design on joint torque. J. Biomech. 29:331-342.
Lieber, R.L., L-E Thornell, and J. Fridén. (1996). Muscle cytoskeletal disruption occurs within the first 15 minutes of cyclic eccentric contractions. J. Appl. Physiol. 80:278-284.
Lieber, R.L., P.D. Silva, and D.M. Daniel. (1996). Electrical and voluntary quadriceps femoris activation strengthens muscles with equal effectiveness. J. Orthop. Res. 14:131-138.
Lieber, R.L, Pontén, E and J. Fridén. (1996). Sarcomere length changes after flexor carpi ulnaris-to-extensor digitorum communis tendon transfer. J. Hand Surg. 21A:612-618.
Lieber, R.L., D. Amiel, K.R. Kaufman, J.Whitney and R.H. Gelberman (1996). Relationship between joint motion and flexor tendon force in the canine forelimb. J. Hand Surg. 21A:957-962.
Fridén, J. and R.L. Lieber (1996). Ultrastructural evidence for loss of calcium homeostasis in exercised skeletal muscle. Acta Physiol. Scand. 158:381-382.
Lieber, R.L. , Ljung, B.-O., and J. Fridén. (1997). Intraoperative sarcomere measurements reveal differential design of human wrist extensor muscles. J. Exp. Biol. 200:19-25.
Abrams, R.A., R.J. Ziets, R.L. Lieber and M.J. Botte. (1997). Anatomy of the radial nerve motor branches in the forearm. J. Hand Surg. 22A:232-237.
Lieber, R.L. , Lung, B.-O., and J. Fridén. (1997). Sarcomere length changes in wrist extensor muscles provides insights into the etiology of chronic lateral epicondylitis. Acta Orthop. Scand. 68:249-254.
Lieber, R.L., T.M. Jacks, R.L. Mohler, K. Schleim, M. Haven, D. Cuizon, D.H. Gershuni, M.A. Lopez, D. Hora, Jr., R. Nargund, W. Feeney, and G.J. Hickey. (1997). Growth hormone secretagogue increases muscle strength during remobilization after canine hindlimb immobilization. J. Orthop. Res. 15:519-527.
Lieber, R.L. and J. Fridén. (1997). Intraoperative measurement and biomechanical modeling of the flexor carpi ulnaris-to-extensor carpi radialis longus tendon tranfer. J. Biomech. Eng. 119:386-391.
Chleboun, G.S., T.J. Patel and R.L. Lieber. (1997). Skeletal muscular architecture and fiber type distribution with the multiple bellies of the mouse extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. Acta Anatomica 159:147-155.
Lieber, R.L. (1997). Muscle fiber length and moment arm coordination during dorsi- and plantarflexion in the mouse hindlimb. Acta Anatomica 159:84-89.
Benz, R.J., J. Fridén and R.L. Lieber. (1998). Simultaneous stiffness and force measurements reveal subtle injury to rabbit soleus muscles. Molec. Cell Biochem. 122:312-319.
Burkholder, T.J. and R.L. Lieber. (1998). Sarcomere number adaptation after retinaculum release in adult mice. J. Exp. Biol. 201:309-316.
Lutz, G.J., D.B. Cuizon, A.F. Ryan, and R.L. Lieber. (1998). Four novel myosin heavy chain transcripts in Rana pipiens single muscle fibers define a molecular basis for muscle fiber types in the frog. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 508:667-680.
Fridén, J. and R.L. Lieber. (1998). Evidence for muscle attachment at relatively long lengths in tendon transfer surgery. J. Hand Surg. 23A:105-110.
Abrams, R.A., A.S. Fenichel, J.J. Callahan, R.A. Brown, M.J. Botte and R.L. Lieber. (1998). The role of ulnar nerve transposition in ulnar nerve repair: a cadaver study. J. Hand. Surg. 23A:244-249.
Patel, T., Cuizon, D, Mathieu-Costello, O., Fridén, J. and R.L. Lieber. (1998). Increased oxidative capacity does not protect skeletal muscle from eccentric contraction-induced muscle injury. Am. J. Physiol. 274:R1300-R1308.
Jung, H.H., R.L. Lieber, A.F. Ryan. (1998). Quantitative analysis of myosin heavy chain mRNA levels in somatic and branchial arch skeletal muscles examined using competitive PCR. Am. J. Physiol. 275:C68-C74.
Fridén, J. and R.L. Lieber. (1998). Segmental muscle fiber lesions after repetitive eccentric contractions. Cell Tiss. Res. 293:165-171.
Lutz, G.J., S. Bremner, N. Lajevardi, R.L. Lieber and L.C. Rome. (1998). Quantitative analysis of muscle fibre type and myosin heavy chain distribution in the frog hindlimb: implications for locomotory design. J. Mus. Res. Cell Motil. 19:717-731.
Ljung, B.-O., J. Fridén and R.L. Lieber. (1999). Sarcomere length varies with wrist ulnar deviation but not forearm pronation in the extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle. J. Biomech. 32:199-202.
Lieber, R.L., M.J. Silva, D. Amiel and R.H. Gelberman. (1999). Wrist and digital motion produce unique flexor tendon force and excursion in the canine forelimb. J. Biomech. 32:175-181
Ljung, B.-O., R.L. Lieber, and J. Fridén. (1999). Wrist extensor muscle pathology in tennis elbow. J. Hand Surg. (Br.) 24B:177-183.
Shoemaker, S.D., A.F. Ryan and R.L. Lieber. (1999). Transcript-specific mRNA trafficking based on the distribution of coexpressed myosin isoforms. Cells, Tissues, and Organs. 165:10-15.
Lieber, R.L., M. Leonard, and C. Brown. (2000). Muscle contraction effects on aponeurosis and tendon load-strain properties. . Cells, Tissues, and Organs. 166:48-54.
Fridén, J., E. Pontén, and R.L. Lieber. (2000). Effect of muscle tension during tendon transfer on sarcomerogenesis in a rabbit model J. Hand Surg. (Am.). 25A:138-143.
Fridén, J., A. Ejeskär, A. Dahlgren and R.L. Lieber. (2000) Protection of the deltoid-to-triceps tendon transfer repair sites. J. Hand Surg. 25A:144-149.
Abrams, R.A., A.M. Tsai, B. Watson, A. Jamali, and R.L. Lieber. (2000). Skeletal muscle recovery after tenotomy and 7-day delayed muscle length restoration. Muscle & Nerve. 23:707-714.
Lutz, G.J., S. Razzaghi, and R.L. Lieber. (2000). Cloning and characterization of the S1 domain of four myosin isoforms from functionally divergent fiber types in adult Rana pipiens skeletal muscle. Gene 250:97-107.
Kawakami, Y. and R.L. Lieber. (2000). Interaction between series compliance and sarcomere kinetics determines internal sarcomere shortening during fixed-end contraction. J. Biomech. 33:1249-1255.
Sam, M., S. Shah, J. Fridén, D.J. Milner, Y. Capetanaki and R.L. Lieber. (2000). Desmin knockout muscles generate lower stress and are less vulnerable to injury compared to wildtype muscles. Am. J. Physiol. 279:C1116-1122.
Fridén, J., D. Albrecht and R.L. Lieber. (2001). Biomechanical analysis of the brachioradialis as a donor in tendon transfer. Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res. 383:152-161.
Fridén, J. and R.L. Lieber. (2001). Serum creatine kinase level is a poor predictor of muscle force after injury. Scan. J. Med. Sci. Sport. 11:126-127.
Fridén, J. and R.L. Lieber. (2001). Suitability of the posterior deltoid-to-triceps tendon transfer based on muscle architectural properties. J. Hand Surg. (Am.) 26A:147-155.
Shah, S.B., D. Peters, K.A. Jordan, D.J. Milner, J. Fridén, Y. Capetanaki and R.L. Lieber. (2001). Sarcomere number regulation maintained after immobilization in desmin-null mouse skeletal muscle. J. Exp. Biol. 204:1703-1710.
Lutz, G.J., S.N. Bremner, M.J. Bade and R.L. Lieber. (2002). Identification of myosin light chains in Rana pipiens skeletal muscle and their expression patterns along single fibres.J. Exp. Biol. 204:4237-4248.
Lieber, R.L. and J. Fridén. (2002). Morphologic and mechanical basis of Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness. J. of the Am. Acad.of Ortho. Surg. 10:1, 67-73.
Lieber, R.L. and J. Fridén. (2002). Spasticity causes a fundamental rearrangement of muscle-joint interaction. Muscle & Nerve 25:265-270.
Lutz, G.J., S.R. Sirsi, S.A. Shapard-Palmer, S.N. Bremner and R.L. Lieber. (2002). Influence of myosin isoforms on contractile properties of intact muscle fibers from Rana pipiens. Am. J.Physiol. Cell Physiol. 282: C835-C844.
Shah, S.B., F.C. Su, K.Jordan, D.J. Milner, J. Fridén, Y. Capetanaki and R.L. Lieber. (2002). Evidence for increased myofibrillar mobility in desmin-null mouse skeletal muscle. J. Exp. Biol. 205:321-325.
Jamali, A.A., P. Afshar, R.A. Abrams and R. L. Lieber. (2002). Differential expression of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) after tenotomy in rabbit skeletal muscle. J.Ortho. Res. 20:364-369.
Lutz, G.J., S.R. Sirsi, S.A. Shapard-Palmer, S.N. Bremner, and R.L. Lieber. (2002). Influence of myosin heavy chain and myosin light chain isoforms on contractile properties of muscle fibers from Rana pipiens. Am. J. Physiol. Cell. Physiol. 282: C835-44.
Tran, H.N, D.L. Cannon, R.L. Lieber, R.A. Abrams. (2002). In vitro cyclic tensile testing of combined peripheral and core flexor tenorrhaphy suture techniques. J. Hand. Surg. [Am]. 27(3):518-24.
Fridén, J., and R.L. Lieber. (2002). Mechanical considerations in the design of surgical reconstructive procedures. J. Biomech. 35(8):1039-45.
Barash, I.A., D. Peters, J. Fridén, G.J. Lutz, and R.L. Lieber. (2002). Desmin cytoskeletal modification after a single bout of eccentric exercise in rat. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 283(4):R958-63.
Lieber, R.L., and J. Fridén. (2002). Mechanisms of muscle injury gleaned from animal models. Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 81(11):S70-S79.
Jenkyn, T.R., B. Koopman, P. Huijing, R.L. Lieber and K.R. Kaufman. (2002). Finite element model of intramuscular pressure during isometric contraction of skeletal muscle. Phys. Med. Biol. 47:4043-4061.
Shah, S.B. and R.L. Lieber. (2003). Simultaneous imaging and functional assessment of cytoskeletal protein interactions during mechanical loading of single muscle cells. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 51:19-29.
Fridén, J. and R.L. Lieber. (2003). Spastic muscle cells are shorter and stiffer than normal cells. Muscle & Nerve. 26:157-164.
Davis, J. K.R. Kaufman and R.L. Lieber. (2003). Correlation between active and passive isometric stress and intramuscular pressure in the isolated rabbit tibialis anterior muscle. J. Biomech. 36:505-512.
Kaufman, K.R., J. Davis and R.L. Lieber. (2003). Performance characteristics of a microsensor for intramuscular pressure measurement. J. Biomech. 36:283-287.
Lieber, R.L., J. Fridén, T. Hobbs, A.G. Rothwell. (2003). Analysis of posterior deltoid function one year after surgical restoration of elbow extension. J. Hand. Surg. 28A:288-293.
Lieber, R.L., E. Runesson, F. Einarsson and J. Fridén. (2003). Inferior mechanical properties of spastic muscle bundles due to hypertrophic but compromised extracellular matrix material. Muscle & Nerve. 28:464-471.
Peters, D., I.A. Barash, M. Burdi, P.S. Yuan, L. Mathew, J. Fridén and R.L. Lieber. (2003). Asynchronous functional, cellular and transcriptional changes after a bout of eccentric exercise in the rat. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 553:947-957.
Barash I.A., L. Mathew, A.F. Ryan, J. Chen, and R.L. Lieber. (2004). Rapid muscle-specific gene expression changes after a single bout of eccentric contractions in the mouse. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 286(2):C355-64.
Lieber R.L. and J. Fridén. (2004). Implications of muscle design on surgical reconstruction of upper extremities. Clin Orthop. (419):267-79.
Lieber R.L., S. Steinman, I.A. Barash, and H. Chambers. (2004). Structural and functional changes in spastic skeletal muscle. Muscle Nerve. 29(5): 615-27.
Shah S.B., J. Davis, N. Weisleder, I. Kostavassili, A.D. McCulloch, E. Ralston, Y. Capetanaki, and R.L. Lieber. (2004). Structural and functional roles of desmin in mouse skeletal muscle during passive deformation. Biophys J. 86(5):2993-3008.
Meunier M.J., E. Hentzen, M. Ryan, A.Y. Shin, and R.L. Lieber. (2004). Predicted effects of metacarpal shortening on interosseous muscle function. J Hand Surg [Am]. 29(4):689-93.
Fridén J., R.M. Lovering, and R.L. Lieber. (2004). Fiber length variability within the flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi radialis muscles: implications for surgical tendon transfer. J Hand Surg [Am]. 29(5):909-14
Patel T.J., R. Das, J. Fridén, G.J. Lutz, and R.L. Lieber. (2004). Sarcomere Strain and Heterogeneity Correlate With Injury to Frog Skeletal Muscle Fiber Bundles. J Appl Physiol. 97(5):1803-13
Lieber R.L., W.M. Murray, D.L. Clark, V.R. Hentz, and J. Fridén. (2005). Biomechanical properties of the brachioradialis muscle: Implications for surgical tendon transfer. J Hand Surg [Am]. 30(2):273-82
Pontén E., J. Fridén, L.E. Thornell, and R.L. Lieber. (2005). Spastic wrist flexors are more severely affected than wrist extensors in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 47(6):384-9
Felder A., S.R. Ward, and R.L. Lieber. (2005). Sarcomere length measurement permits high resolution normalization of muscle fiber length in architectural studies. J Exp Biol. 208(Pt 17):3275-9
Abrams G.D., S.R. Ward, J. Fridén, and R.L. Lieber. (2005). Pronator teres is an appropriate donor muscle for restoration of wrist and thumb extension. J Hand Surg [Am]. 30(5):1068-73
Foran J.R., S. Steinman, I. Barash, Chambers HG, and R.L. Lieber. (2005). Structural and mechanical alterations in spastic skeletal muscle. Dev Med Child Neurol. 47(10):713-7
Barash I.A., L. Mathew, M. Lahey, M.L. Greaser, and R.L. Lieber. (2005). Muscle LIM protein plays both structural and functional roles in skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 289: C1312-20
Ward S.R., and R.L. Lieber. (2005). Density and hydration of fresh and fixed human skeletal muscle. J Biomech. (38) 2317-20
Hentzen E.R., M. Lahey, D. Peters, L. Mathew, I. Barash, J. Fridén, and R. Lieber. (2006). Stress-dependent and stress-independent expression of the myogenic regulatory factors and the MARP genes after eccentric contractions. J Physiol. 570(1):157-67.
Ward, S.R., W.J. Peace, J. Fridén and R.L. Lieber. (2006). Dorsal transfer of the brachioradialis to flexor pollicis longus enables simultaneous powering of thumb flexion and forearm pronation. J. Hand Surg. (Am.) 31A:993-997.
Bang, M.-L., X. Li, R. Littlefield, S. Bremner, A. Thor, M. Martone, K. Knowlton, R.L. Lieber, and J. Chen. (2006). Nebulin deficient mice exhibit shorter thin filament lengths and reduced contractile function in skeletal muscle. J. Cell Biol. 173:905-916.
Ward, S.R., Hentzen, E.R., K.A. Burns, R. Eastlack, D.C. Fithian, and R.L. Lieber. (2006). Rotator cuff muscle architecture: Implications for glenohumeral stability. Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res. 448:157-163.
Murray, W., V.R. Hentz, J. Fridén and R.L. Lieber. (2006). The significance of surgical attachment length for hand function following brachioradialis tendon transfer. J. Bone Joint Surg. 88:2009-2016.
Fridén, J. S.R. Ward, L. Smallwood and R.L. Lieber. (2006). Passive muscle-tendon amplitude may not reflect skeletal muscle functional excursion. J. Hand Surg. (Am.) 31A:1105-1110.
Ward, S.R., S.R. Lundberg, S.T. Enguidanos, G.J. Loren, and R.L. Lieber. (2006). High stiffness of human digital flexor tendons is suited for precise finger positional control J. Neurophysiol. 96:2815-2818.
Pontén, E. and R.L. Lieber. (2007). Intraoperative sarcomere length measurements provide insight into the development of wrist flexion contractures. Muscle & Nerve 36:47-54.
Takahashi, M, S.R. Ward and R.L. Lieber. (2007). Intraoperative single-site sarcomere length measurement accurately reflects whole muscle sarcomere length. J. Hand Surg. 32:612-617.
Barash, I.A., M.-L. Bang, L. Mathew, J. Chen, and R.L. Lieber. (2007). Structural and regulatory roles of the muscle ankryn repeat protein (MARP) family in skeletal muscle. Am. J. Physiol. 293:C218-C227.
Ward, S.R., J. Davis, K.R. Kaufman and R.L. Lieber. (2007). Relationship between muscle stress and intramuscular pressure during dynamic muscle contractions. Muscle & Nerve 36:313-319.
Boakes, J.L., J. Foran, S.R. Ward and R.L. Lieber. (2007). Vastus lateralis adaptation by serial sarcomere addition one after year femoral lengthening. Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res. 456:250-253.
Eng, C.M., G.D. Abrams, L.R. Smallwood, R.L. Lieber and S.R. Ward. (2007). Forearm muscle volumes can be accurately quantified from high resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). J. Biomech. 40:3261-3266.
Minamoto, V.B., J.B. Hulst, M. Lim, W.J. Peace, S.N. Bremner, S.R. Ward and R.L. Lieber. (2007). Increased efficacy and decreased systemic-effects of neurotoxin injection after active or passive muscle manipulation. Dev. Med. Child. Neurol. 49:907-914.
Gokhin, D.S., S.R. Ward, S.N. Bremner, and R.L. Lieber. (2008). Quantitative analysis of neonatal skeletal muscle functional improvement in the mouse. J. Exp. Biol. 211:837-843.
Zhang, J., M.-L. Bang, D.S. Gokhin, Y. Lu, L. Cui, Y. Gu, M.C. Scimia, N.D. Dalton, K. L. Peterson, R.L. Lieber, and J. Chen. (2008). The intermediate filament-like protein syncoilin is required for generating maximum isometric stress in skeletal muscle but is dispensable for normal animal viability and muscle cytoarchitecture. Am. J. Physiol 294:C1175-1182.
Eng, C.M., L.H. Smallwood, M.P. Rainiero, M. Lahey, S.R. Ward and R.L. Lieber (2008). Scaling of muscle architecture and fiber types in the rat hindlimb. J. Exp. Biol. 211:2336-2345.
Rajasekaran, M.R., Y. Jiang, V. Bhargava, R. Littlefield, A. Lee, R.L. Lieber and R.K. Mittal. (2008). Length-tension relationship of the external anal sphincter muscle: implications for the anal canal function. Am J. Physiol. 295:G367-G373.
Conti, F.J., A. Felder, S. Monkley, M. Schwander, M.R. Wood, R.L. Lieber, D. Critchley, and U. Müller. (2008). Progressive myopathy and defects in the maintenance of myotendinous junctions in mice that lack talin 1 in skeletal muscle. Development 135:2043-2053.
Hamilton, S.M., C.R. Bayer, D.L. Stevens, R.L. Lieber, and A.E. Bryant. (2008). Muscle injury, vimentin expression, and NSAIDs predispose to cryptic group A streptococcal necrotizing infection J. Infect. Dis. 198:1692-1698.
Ward, S.R., C.W. Kim, C.M. Eng, L.J. Gottschalk, A. Tomiya, S.R. Garfin, and R.L. Lieber. (2009). Architectural analysis and intraoperative measurements demonstrate the unique design of the multifidus for lumbar spine stability. J. Bone Joint Surg. [Am.] 91:176-185.
Ward, S.R., M. Takahashi, T.M. Winters, A. Kwan, and R.L. Lieber. (2009). a novel muscle biopsy clamp yields accurate in vivo sarcomere length values. J. Biomech. 42:193-196.
Anderson KD, Fridén J, Lieber RL. (2009). Acceptable benefits and risks associated with surgically improving arm function in individuals living with cervical spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 47(4):334-8.
Ward SR, Eng CM, Smallwood LH, Lieber RL. (2009). Are current measurements of lower extremity muscle architecture accurate? Clin Orthop Relat Res.. 467(4):1074-82.
Gokhin DS, Bang ML, Zhang J, Chen J, Lieber RL (2009). Reduced thin filament length in nebulin-knockout skeletal muscle alters isometric contractile properties. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 296(5):C1123-32.
Smith LR, Ponten E, Hedstrom Y, Ward SR, Chambers HG, Subramaniam S, Lieber RL. (2009). Novel transcriptional profile in wrist muscles from cerebral palsy patients. BMC Med Genomics. Jul 14;2(1):44.
Winters TM, Sepulveda GS, Cottler PS, Kaufman KR, Lieber RL, Ward SR. (2009). Correlation between isometric force and intramuscular pressure in rabbit tibialis anterior muscle with an intact anterior compartment. Muscle Nerve. 40(1):79-85.
Ward SR, Tomiya A, Regev GJ, Thacker BE, Benzl RC, Kim CW, Lieber RL. (2009). Passive mechanical properties of the lumbar multifidus muscle support its role as a stabilizer. J Biomech. 42(10):1384-9.
Lange S, Ouyang K, Meyer G, Cui L, Cheng H, Lieber RL, Chen J. (2009). Obscurin determines the architecture of the longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum. J Cell Sci. 122(15):2640-50.
Bang ML, Caremani M, Brunello E, Littlefield R, Lieber RL, Chen J, Lombardi V, Linari M. (2009). Nebulin plays a direct role in promoting strong actin-myosin interactions. FASEB J. 23(12):4117-25.
Meyer GA, Kiiss B, Ward SR, Morgan DL, Kellermayer MSZ, Lieber RL (2010). Theoretical predictions of the effects of force transmission by desmin on intersarcomere dynamics. Biophys J. 98(2): 258-66.
Zhang J, Felder A, Liu Y, Guo LT, Lange S, Dalton ND, Gu Y, Peterson KL, Mizisin AP, Shelton GD, Lieber RL, Chen J. (2010). Nesprin 1 is critical for nuclear positioning and anchorage. Hum Mol Genet. 19(2):329-41.
Arnold EM, Ward SR, Lieber RL, Delp SL. (2010). A model of the lower limb for analysis of human movement. Ann Biomed Eng. 38(2):269-279.
Brown SH, Hentzen ER, Kwan A, Ward SR, Fridén, Lieber RL. (2010). Mechanical strength of the side-to-side versus Pulvertaft weave tendon repair. J Hand Surg [Am]. 35(4):540-5.
Takahashi M, Ward SR, Marchuk LL, Frank CB, Lieber RL. (2010). Asynchronous muscle and tendon adaptation after surgical tensioning procedures. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 92(3):664-74.
Gokhin DS, Lewis RA, McKeown CR, Nowak RB, Kim NE, Littlefield RS, Lieber RL, Fowler VM. (2010). Tropomodulin isoforms regulate thin filament pointed-end capping and skeletal muscle physiology. J Cell Biol. 189(1):95-109.
Regev GJ, Kim CW, Thacker BE, Tomiya A, Garfin SR, Ward SR, Lieber RL. (2010). Regional Myosin Heavy Chain Distribution in Selected Paraspinal Muscles. Spine. 35(13):1265-70.
Fridén J, Shillito MC, Chehab EF, Finneran JJ, Ward SR, Lieber RL. (2010). Mechanical feasibility of immediate mobilization of the brachioradialis muscle after tendon transfer. J Hand Surg [Am]. 35(9):1473-8.
Brown SH, Banuelos K, Ward SR, Lieber RL. (2010). Architectural and morphological assessment of rat abdominal wall muscles: comparison for use as a human model. J Anat. 217(3):196-202.
Fridén J, Shillito MC, Chehab EF, Finneran JJ, Ward SR, Lieber RL. (2010). Mechanical Feasibility of Immediate Mobilization of the Brachioradialis Muscle After Tendon Transfer. J Hand Surg [Am]. 35(9):1473-1478.
Ward SR, Sarver JJ, Eng CM, Kwan A, Würgler-Hauri CC, Perry SM, Williams Jr GR, Soslowsky LJ, Lieber RL. (2010). Plasticity of Muscle Architecture After Supraspinatus Tears. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 40(11):729-35.
Rajasekaran MR, Jiang Y, Bhargava V, Lieber RL, Mittal RK. (2011). Novel applications of external anal sphincter muscle sarcomere length to enhance the anal canal function. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 23(1):70-e7.
Winters TM, Takahashi M, Lieber RL, Ward SR. (2011). Whole muscle length-tension relationships are accurately modeled as scaled sarcomeres in rabbit hindlimb muscles. J Biomech. 44(1):109-15.
Meyer GA, Lieber RL. (2011). Elucidation of extracellular matrix mechanics from muscle fibers and fiber bundles. J Biomech. 44(4):771-3.
Brown SH, Ward SR, Cook MS, Lieber RL. (2011). Architectural analysis of human abdominal wall muscles: Implications for mechanical function. Spine. 36(5):355-62.
Smith LR, Gerace-Fowler L, Lieber RL. (2011). Muscle extracellular matrix applies a transverse stress on fibers with axial strain. J Biomech. 44(8):1618-20.
Franko OI, Lee NM, Finneran JJ, Shillito MC, Meunier MJ, Abrams RA, Lieber RL. (2011). Quantification of partial or complete A4 pulley release with FDP repair in cadaveric tendons. J Hand Surg [Am]. 36(3):439-45.
Gillies A, Smith LR, Lieber RL, Varghese S. (2011). Method for decellularizing skeletal muscle without detergents or proteolytic enzymes. Tissue Eng Part C Methods. 17(4):383-9.
Lieber RL, Ward SR. (2011). Skeletal muscle design to meet functional demands. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 366(1570):1466-76.
Brown SH, Gregory DE, Carr JA, Ward SR, Masuda K, Lieber RL. (2011). Adaptations to the multifidus muscle in response to experimentally induced intervertebral disc degeneration. Spine. (in press).
Regev GJ, Kim CW, Tomiya A, Lee YP, Ghofrani H, Garfin SR, Lieber RL, Ward SR. (2011). Psoas muscle architectural design, in vivo sarcomere length range, and passive tensile properties support its role as a lumbar spine stabilizer. Spine. (in press).
Smith LR, Lee KS, Ward SR, Chambers HG, Lieber RL. (2011). Hamstring contractures in children with spastic cerebral palsy result from a stiffer ECM and increased in vivo sarcomere length. J Physiol. (in press).
Franko OI, Winters TM, Tirrell TF, Hentzen ER, Lieber RL. (2011). Moment arms of the human digital flexors. J Biomech. (in press).