Samuel R. Ward, P.T., Ph.D. Veterans Affairs Medical Center 3350 La Jolla Village Drive San Diego, CA 92161 Phone: (858) 534-4918 Fax: (858) 822-3807 Email: srward@ucsd.edu

Research and Professional Experience

Assistant Professor In Residence (07/2007- current)
Departments of Radiology and Orthopaedic Surgery
University of California San Diego

Assistant Professor In Residence (02/2006- 07/2007)
Department of Radiology
University of California San Diego

Research Biologist (GS-9) (10/2003- Current)
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
VA Medical Center San Diego

PhD Student (08/1999-09/2003)
Department of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy
University of Southern California

Instructor of Clinical Physical Therapy (06/1998-06/1999)
University of Southern California, Department of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy
University of Southern California University Hospital

Lecturer (1998)
Human Anatomy
Department of Physical Therapy
California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA. (1999)

Awards and Honors

Eugene Michels New Investigator Award, American Physical Therapy Association, 2008
Order of the Golden Cane, University of Southern California, 2004
Outstanding Service Award, California State University Long Beach 2003
Student Research Award, California Physical Therapy Association, 2003
Student Research Award, Southern California Conference on Biomechanics, 2003
Doctoral Candidate Award, American Physical Therapy Association, 2003-2003
Jacquelin Perry Research Award, University of Southern California, 2001
Doctoral Student Award, American Physical therapy Association, 2001-2002
Mary McMillan Scholar, American Physical Therapy Association, 1998
Professional Student Award, California State University Long Beach, 1998
Roger Greaves Scholar, California State University Long Beach, 1997

Current Grant Support

Principal Investigator
GE Technical Advisory Board 04/2007 – 12/2008
MRI Based Musculoskeletal Modeling of the Upper Extremity ($122,050.00)

Co-investigator
National Institutes of Health (RO1) HD048501A 07/2005-06/2010
Direct Determination of Lower Extremity Muscle Design. ($1,250,000.00)

Co-investigator / Biomechanics Co-director / Radiology Co-director
National Institutes of Health (R24) HD050837-01 07/2005-06/2010
Medical Rehabilitation Research Infrastructure Program in Muscle (MRRPM)
National Center for Skeletal Muscle Research ($2,000,000.00)

Key Personnel
National Institutes of Health (RO1) HD31476-03 09/2004 – 08/2009
Microsensor for Intramuscular Pressure Measurement ($2,492,018)

Key Personnel
National Institutes of Health (RO1) AR040050 08/01/2003 – 07/31/2008
Skeletal Muscle Injury: Mechanism, Prevention & Treatment ($1,250,000)

Previous Grant Support

Principal Investigator
Lawrence Dorr Research and Education Foundation 05/2005-05/2006 Intraoperative Sarcomere Length Joint Angle Relationships in the Human Gluteal Muscles. ($10,000.00)

Principal Investigator
Private Research Endowment 07/2004-07/2005
Intraoperative Sarcomere Length Joint Angle Relationships in the Human Quadriceps Muscles. ($10,000.00)

Principal Investigator
Foundation for Physical Therapy 09/2002-09/2003
The Influence of Patella Alta on Knee Extensor Mechanics and Patellofemoral Joint Stress. ($15,000.00)

Principal Investigator
Foundation for Physical Therapy 09/2001-09/2002
The Influence of Patella Alta on Knee Extensor Mechanics and Patellofemoral Joint Stress. ($7,500.00)

Peer-Reviewed Publications

Salem GS, Ward SR, Lee TQ. Regulation of Plantar-Foot Kinetics During Exercises on Step Benches with Markedly Different Structural Properties. J Strength Cond Res 14(1),2000.

Ward SR, Shellock FG, Terk MR, Salsich GB, Powers CM. Assessment of Patellofemoral Joint Relationships Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Comparison of Qualitative and Quantitative Methods. J Magn Reson Imaging. 16(1), 69-74, 2002.

Powers CM, Ward SR, Fredericson M, Guillet M, Cooper C, Shellock FG. Patellar Kinematics During Weight-bearing and Non-Weight-bearing Knee Extension in Persons With Lateral Subluxation of the Patella: A Preliminary Study. Cover story J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 33(11), 677-685, 2003.

Salsich GB, Ward SR, Terk MR, Powers CM. In Vivo Assessment of Patellofemoral Joint Contact Area in Individuals Who Are Pain Free. Clin Orthop 417, 277-284, 2003.

Brechter JH, Powers CM, Terk MR, Ward SR, Lee TQ. Quantification of Patellofemoral Joint Contact Area Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Magn Reson Imaging (21)9, 955-959, 2003.

Powers CM, Ward SR, Chen YJ, Chan LD, Terk MR. The Effect of Bracing on Patellofemoral Joint Stress During Free and Fast Walking. Am J Sports Med 32(1), 224-231, 2004.

Powers CM, Ward SR, Chan LD, Chen YJ, Terk MR. The Effect of Bracing on Patellar Alignment and Patellofemoral Joint Contact Area in Persons with Patellofemoral Joint Pain. Med Sci Sport Exer 36(7), 1226-1232, 2004.

Powers CM, Ward SR, Chen YJ, Chan LD, Terk MR. The Effect of Bracing on Patellofemoral Joint Stress During Ascending and Descending Stairs. Clin J Sport Med 14(4), 206-214, 2004.

Ward SR and Powers CM. The Influence of Patella Alta on Patellofemoral Joint Stress During Normal and Fast Walking. Clin Biomech 19(10), 1040-1047, 2004.

Felder A, Ward SR, Lieber RL. Sarcomere Length measurement Permits High Resolution Normalization of Muscle Fiber Length in Architectural Studies. J Exp Biol 9(17), 3275-3279, 2005.

Ward SR and Lieber RL. Density and Hydration of Fresh and Fixed Human Skeletal Muscle. J Biomech 38(11), 2317-2320, 2005.

Abrams GD, Ward SR, Fridén J, Lieber RL. Architecture of Pronator Teres Muscle Implies it is Appropriate for Restoration of Wrist and Thumb Extension. Journal of Hand Surgery, 30A(5), 1068-1073, 2005.

Ward SR, Terk MR, Powers CM. The Influence of Patella Alta on Knee Extensor Mechanics. J Biomech, 38(12), 2415-2422, 2005.

Ward SR, Hentzen ER, Smallwood LH, Eastlack RK, Burns KA, Fithian DC, Fridén J, Lieber RL. Rotator Cuff Muscle Architecture: Implications for Glenohumeral Joint Stability. Clin Orthop, July 448, 157 – 163, 2006.

Ward SR, Peace W, Fridén J, Lieber RL. Dorsal Transfer of the Brachioradialis to Flexor Pollicis Longus Muscle Powers Thumb Flexion and Forearm Pronation. Journal of Hand Surgery, 31A(6) 993-997, 2006.

Long WT, Ward SR, Dorr LD, Raya J, Boutary M, Sirianni LE. Postoperative pain management following total knee arthroplasty Randomized comparison of continuous epidural versus femoral nerve infusion. Journal of Knee Surgery 19(2), 137-143, 2006.

Friden J, Ward SR, Smallwood L, Lieber RL. Passive muscle-tendon amplitude may not reflect skeletal muscle functional excursion. Journal of Hand Surgery 31(7), 1105-1110, 2006.

Ota S, Ward SR, Chen YJ, Tsai YJ, Powers CM. Concurrent Criterion-Related Validity and Reliability of a Clinical Device Used to Assess Lateral Patellar Displacement. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy 36(9), 645-652, 2006.

Boakes JL, Foran JR, Ward SR, Lieber RL. Muscle Adaptation by Serial Sarcomere Addition 1 year After Femoral Lengthening. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 456, 250-253, 2007.

Ward SR, Lundberg S, Enguidanos S, Loren GJ and Lieber RL. Stiffness of Human Digital Flexor Tendons Suited for Precise Positional Control of Fingers. J Neurophysiology 96(5), 2815-2818, 2006.

Ward SR, Terk MR, Powers CM. Patella Alta: Association with Malalignment and Changes in Contact Area During Weightbearing. Journal of Bone of Joint Surgery 89(8):1749-1755. 2007.

Takahashi M, Ward SR, Lieber RL. Intraoperative Single-Site Sarcomere Length Measurement Accurately Reflects Whole Muscle Sarcomere Length in the Rabbit. Journal of Hand Surgery 32(5), 612-617, 2007.

Eng CM, Abrams GD, Smallwood LR, Lieber RL, Ward SR. Muscle geometry affects accuracy of forearm volume determination by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Journal of Biomechanics 40, 3261-3266, 2007.

Ward SR, Davis J, Kaufman KR, Lieber RL. Relationship Muscle Stress and Intramuscular Pressure During Dynamic Muscle Contractions Muscle and Nerve 36, 313-319, 2007.

Minamoto VB, Hulst JB, Lim M, Peace WJ, Bremner SN, Ward SR, Lieber RL. Increased Efficiency and Decreased Systemic-Effects of Neurotoxin Injection After Active or Passive Muscle Manipulation. Dev Med Child Neurol 49(12): 907-914, 2007.

Ward SR, Jones R, Long WT, Thomas DJ, Dorr LD. Functional Recovery of Muscles After Minimally Invasive Total Hip Arthroplasty. Instructional Course Lecture 57. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 24 (57), 2008.

Gokhin DS, Ward SR, Lieber RL. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Developmental Enhancement of Mouse Skeletal Muscle Contractile Function. Journal of Experimental Biology 311, 837-843, 2008.

Ward SR, Kim CW, Eng CM, Gottschalk GL, Tomiya A, Garfin SR, Lieber RL. Architectural Analysis and Intraoperative Measurements Demonstrate the Multifidus’ Unique Design for Lumbar Spine Stability. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 2008.

Eng CM, Smallwood LH, Rainiero MP, Ward SR, Lieber RL. Muscle Architecture and Fiber Types of the Rat Hindlimb. Journal of Experimental Biology, 2008.

Ward SR, Eng CM, Smallwood LH, Lieber RL. Human Lower Extremity Muscle Architecture; Implications for Function, Musculoskeletal Modeling, and Surgery. Clin Orthop. 2008.

Friden J, Reinholdt C, Gohritz A, Peace WJ, Ward SR, Lieber RL. Simultaneous Powering of Forearm Pronation and Key Pinch in Tetraplegia Using a Single Muscle-Tendon Unit Submitted to Journal of Hand Surgery [Am] 2008.

Ward SR, Takahashi M, Winters T, Kwan A, Lieber RL. A Simple Muscle Biopsy Clamp for the In Vivo Measurement of Sarcomere Lengths. Submitted to Journal of Biomechanics. 2008.

Eng CM, Ward SR, Vinyard CJ, Taylor AB. Mechanics of the Masticatory Apparatus in Tree-Gouging Marmosets Favor Muscle Production at Wide Jaw Gapes. Submitted to Journal of Experimental Biology. 2008.

Book Chapters/Monographs

Salsich GS and Ward SR, The Shoulder: Functional Anatomy and Kinesiology, Kinematic MRI of the Joints: Functional Anatomy and Clinical Applications: Shellock FG, Powers CM. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2001.

Ward SR, Longjohn D and Dorr LD. Optimization of Motion After Total Knee Arthroplasty. Controversies in Total Knee Arthroplasty, Richard Laskin, M.D. Oxford University Press. 2001.

Lieber RL, Ward SR. Skeletal Muscle Tissue Bioengineering. Bioengineering, Chien S, Publisher 2006.

Ward SR, Lieber RL. Biological and Mechanical Pathologies in Spastic Skeletal Muscle: The Functional Implications of Therapeutic Neurotoxins. Botulinum and Other Neurotoxins: Translating Science into Therapeutic Applications. Jankovic Alberto; Albanese M; Atassi Z; Dolly JO, Hallett M; and Mayer NH.

Professional Memberships

American Physical Therapy Association (1996- present) Research Subcommittee, Annual Conference Program Committee (8/04–6/07).
Treasurer, Section in Research (2006 - 2010)
Research Retreat Planning Committee (2008-2009) American College of Sports Medicine (2006-)
American Society of Biomechanics (Member: 1999-) Abstract Review Committee 2007
Abstract Review Committee 2008 California Chapter American Physical Therapy Association (1996-present) Treasurer: Research Special Interest Group (2002-2003)
Finance Committee (2002-2003)
Annual Conference Scientific Review Board (2005) International Society of Biomechanics (Member 2006-present)
National Strength and Conditioning Association (Member: 1996-)
National Institutes of Health Taskforce of Childhood Movement Disorders (March 2005) Orthopaedics Research Society (Member: 2003-) Abstract review committee 2007 annual meeting
Abstract review committee 2007 combined meeting
Abstract review committee 2008 annual meeting
Muscle/Nerve Session Moderator 2008 annual meeting
Chair- Muscle/Nerve Topic Review Committee (2008-2010) Minimally Invasive Surgery of the Spine Society (Founding Member: 2006-)

Community Service Organizations

Operation Walk
Havana, Cuba. (1997)
Katmandu, Nepal. (2000)
Cebu, Philippines. (2001)
Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. (2002)
La Paz, Mexico. (2002)
Antigua, Guatemala (2004)
Panama City, Panama (2005)
Lima, Peru (2007)

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