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Top: Ventral surface of soleus has separate bipennate muscle
Bottom: Fascicle orientation is distal-dorsal to proximal-ventral
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Mass (g), without external tendon
Muscle length (mm): LM; blue line as shown above
External tendon length (mm): LTED; from most distal fibers to the end of the tendon (blue line as shown above)
Fasicle lengths (mm): excise fasicles at green lines and measure their length 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Pennation angle (deg): θ1 θ2 θ3 measure a pennation angle at every fascicle location for each head |